nichols



swat W BYRON W; NICHOLS, OF CANTON, QHIO, .ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF,CORNELIUS AUL 'If- MAN, GEORGE H. BUOKINS, PERCY SAIME PLACE.

s. SOWERS, AND A. CLARK 'romvnn, OF'THE Letters Patent No. 89,329, dated111M127, 1869.

IMPROVED MODE OF CONVERTING ARTICLES OF IRON INTO STEEL.

l'he Schbdule referred to in these Letters Patent and maldng part of thelame.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, BYR N W. NICHOLS, ofCanton, in the county'of Stark, and State of Ohio, have inrented a newand useful Improvement-in Oeoverting Iron Articles into Steel; and I dohereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription thereof.

I take black oxide of manganese, peroxide of iron, and common. resin,or.their chemical equivalents, in about the following proportions, viz:

Twenty-five parts black oxide of manganese, fifteen parts peroxide of'iron, and sixty parts (by weight) of common resin.

1 grind'or pulverize the manganese, oxide of iron, and resin to apowder, and intimately mix them. I then put the whole into a suitablevessel, and apply a gentle heat, .suflicient to melt the resin, making'asemi-fluid mass of the whole. I then take the articles I wish toconvert, and dip them into the melted compound, leaving a coating of thecompound adhering to the articles, to the thickness of aboutone-sixteenth of an inch, after. which I put the articles thus coatedinto saggers or suitable annealing-cases, surrounded with pulverizedcharcoal. I then seal the annealingcases with fire-clay or othersuitable material, to ex clude the air as perfectly as possible, andsubmit them to a red heat, in an annealing-kiln or oven, for from one toten hours, awarding to the thickness of thearticles to be converted. p

I amawere that manganese and poroxideef iron: have been known and usedas a flux in making cast iron and steel from themes, and from moltencastirou; but I am not aware that either of these substances has beenheretofore used in any process'for converting articles previously castor wrought. into shape for implements, tools, 860. 7

Having thus described the nature and operation of my improvement,

Whatl claim asmy; invention, is-

1. The use of the. ingredients herein named, when compounded and used inthe manner and in about the proportions herein described, and for-thepurpose set forth.

2. The employment of the peroxides of manganese and iron in the processof converting'into steel articles of iron that have previously been cast.or wrought into the desired form for use.

BYRON W NICHOLS. ['L. s.]

Witnesses: a

Erasmus Kms, {L- s.] A. J. UNDERBILL. L. s.]

